There is nothing that does this, as far as I know. In fact, the screenshot you linked to looks like custom work to me. I can't imagine that you can write a generic plugin for this, that does work just fine for all use cases.
We do have a Dynamic Pricing extension that allows you to provide discounts when people buy larger quantities of a specific product (or multiple products from a category and more) which is in fact as close as its gonna get, I think.